How does CCl4 induce hepatotoxicity?
Table of Contents
CCl4-induced cell damage can result from either covalent binding of the reactive intermediates to cellular components, or from enhanced lipid per oxidation triggered by interaction of free radical intermediates with oxygen which in turn attack unsaturated fatty acids.
How does CCl4 induce fibrosis?
Induction of liver fibrosis by CCl4 resulted in the inflammation of secondary lymphoid organs and a chronic oxidative stress condition. CCl4 is a commonly used hepatotoxin in animal models of liver fibrosis. It is activated by CYP450 in the liver to form trichloromethyl and trichloromethyl peroxy radicals.
What is CCl4 toxicity?
Acute CCl4 toxicity is a life-threatening condition that may involve multiple organ dysfunction such as the liver, lungs, and kidneys. If not treated promptly, it can lead to very high mortality.
What is hepatotoxic response?
Hepatotoxicity is defined as injury to the liver or impairment of the liver function caused by exposure to xenobiotics such as drugs, food additives, alcohol, chlorinated solvents, peroxidized fatty acids, fungal toxins, radioactive isotopes, environmental toxicants, and even some medicinal plants [6,77,78].
Is CCl4 an ionic or covalent compound?
It’s carbon tetrachloride. Carbon tetrachloride is an important nonpolar covalent compound. You determine its name based on the atoms present in the compound. By convention, the positively-charged (cation) part of the molecule is named first, followed by the negatively-charged (anion) part.
What happens when CCl4 evaporates?
When carbon tetrachloride is exposed to the air it quickly evaporates (changes from a liquid to a gas). It also quickly evaporates (a few days or weeks) from contaminated surface waters. If spilled onto the ground, much of it will evaporate to the air and move into the groundwater (underground drinking water).
What properties would you expect for CCl4?
Carbon tetrachloride appears as a clear colorless liquid with a characteristic odor. Denser than water (13.2 lb / gal) and insoluble in water. Noncombustible. May cause illness by inhalation, skin absorption and/or ingestion.
What is Hy’s Law criteria?
Hy’s law criteria were defined as an ALT of >3× ULN and concomitant jaundice (bilirubin > 2.5 mg/dL) at DILI onset, but in contrast with the previously mentioned cohorts from Spain and Sweden, 4. Bjornsson E. Olsson R.
How do you monitor hepatotoxicity?
Diagnosis
- Physical exam. Your doctor will likely perform a physical exam and take a medical history.
- Blood tests. Your doctor may order blood tests that look for high levels of certain liver enzymes.
- Imaging tests.
- Liver biopsy.
Is CCl4 an electrolyte?
Solution. Carbon tetrachloride is a non-electrolyte as it is a covalent compound and contains only molecules.