What does ZAP 70 positive mean?

What does ZAP 70 positive mean?

The first approach is based on the signal obtained using an isotype-matched antibody as negative control [3, 4] Accordingly, a CLL sample is defined as ZAP-70 positive when at least 20% of CLL cells have a signal exceeding that of isotypic control.

What are zap campaigns?

Popularized by the early gay liberation group Gay Activists Alliance, a zap was a raucous public demonstration designed to embarrass a public figure or celebrity while calling the attention of both gays and straights to issues of gay rights.

What does zap stand for Immunology?

ZAP-70 (zeta-associated protein 70) deficiency is an immunodeficiency involving impaired T-cell activation caused by a signaling defect. (See also Overview of Immunodeficiency Disorders.

What is IgVH mutation?

The IgVH gene mutation status is one of the discriminators of clinical outcome in patients with CLL. The mutational status of the immunoglobulin genes expressed by CLL cells can be used to segregate patients into two subsets that have significantly different tendencies for disease progression.

What is zapping a phone?

What is a phone zap? This is a pressure action that uses phone calls to target people or institutions. Email zaps are the same thing, but sending email messages instead of calling.

How is ZAP-70 activated?

ZAP–70 is activated by a variety of signals including phosphorylation of the kinase domain (KD), and binding of its regulatory tandem Src homology 2 (SH2) domains to the T cell receptor.

What phosphorylates ZAP-70?

Upon TCR stimulation, Lck phosphorylates the TCR, thus leading to the recruitment, phosphorylation, and activation of Zap70. Lck binds and stabilizes phosho-Zap70 by using its SH2 domain, and Zap70 phosphorylates the critical adaptors LAT and SLP76, which coordinate downstream signaling.

What is IgVH test?

What is the test? IGHV mutational testing assesses the percentage of sequence variability between the V region of the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene in a clonal CLL population compared to the homologous germline V region sequence.

What is the difference between mutated and unmutated CLL?

In CLL cells that proliferated at a high rate, a high-utility repair mechanism is engaged; as a result, the IgHV mutation level is low (or “unmutated”). Conversely, in CLL cells that proliferated at a low rate, a low-utility repair mechanism is engaged; as a result, the IgHV mutation level is high (or “mutated”).

Are phone zaps effective?

A phone or fax zap can work even if you have just a few people. Each person can make more than one phone call (some people use different names each time) or send more than one letter or leaflet. In fact, with a fax zap, one person can send the same message all day or for days on end.

Is zap spell good?

The Zap is valuable for decimating small swarms of troops, as the Zap inflicts area damage. While it will not defeat Goblins or Minions of equal level, it is capable of destroying Goblins one level lower and Minions two levels lower by itself. Pairing the Zap with the Ice Spirit or Ice Golem can easily counter Minions.