What is ijtihad in Islam in Urdu?
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Ijtihad (Arabic: اجتهاد ijtihād, [ʔidʒ. tihaːd]; lit. physical or mental effort) is an Islamic legal term referring to independent reasoning by an expert in Islamic law, or the thorough exertion of a jurist’s mental faculty in finding a solution to a legal question.
Is ijtihad mentioned in Quran?
The Quran has the highest rank as the absolute source of law that came from Allah The Almighty, then is followed by Sunnah and ijtihad, ijma and qiyas. The instruction to obey the command of Allah The Almighty and his Messenger can be found in Q.S. An-Nisa:59 (Rahmat Taufiq Hidayat, 2000: 1).
How many types of ijtihad are there?
Since ijtihad occurs in a various forms such as Quran, Sunnah, qiyas, istihsan, maslahah, custom (urf), etc, each of this is regulated by its own rules.
What is the importance of ijtihad in Islam?
Scholars considered the time, place norms and prevailing conditions while rendering their religious advice and opinions. Ijtihad enabled muslims to be flexible and to learn from other cultures and civilizations. Without the process of ijtihad, a faithful muslim will find himself in a dilemma.
What is difference between Qiyas and ijtihad?
Shi’ite jurists maintain that qiyas is a specific type of ijtihad. The Sunni Shafi’ school of thought, however, holds that both qiyas and ijtihad are the same. Sunni jurists accepted ijtihad as a mechanism for deducing rulings. They, however, announced an end to its practice during the thirteenth century.
Is the door of ijtihad closed?
Claim that the Door of Ijtihad is Closed It becomes an instrument for development of community and strengthening of religion (al-Qaradawi, 1994:3). However, there are also those who opine that the door of ijtihad has been closed since the era of imams of sect: Hanafi, Maliki, Syafi’ie and Hanbali.
Is Qiyas and ijtihad same?
Shi’ite jurists maintain that qiyas is a specific type of ijtihad. The Sunni Shafi’ school of thought, however, holds that both qiyas and ijtihad are the same. Sunni jurists accepted ijtihad as a mechanism for deducing rulings.
What are the conditions of ijtihad?
There are two conditions which a mujtahid must meet. First, he must have a thorough grasp of the higher aims of Islamic law, and be skilled at raising and reflecting on relevant questions and issues and ordering them in terms of their relative degrees of importance.
Is ijtihad a source of Islamic law?
The revealed sources are the Koran and the Sunnah forming the nass (nucleus/core) of the Sharia whereas qiyas and ijma are the non- revealed sources and are employed to derive law from the nass (plural, nusus) through the use of human reason and endeavour called ijtihad.
What is example of ijtihad?
According to Qazwini, other major obstacles facing Muslims and the practice of ijtihad today include prejudice, intellectual stagnation, political dictatorship, rejection of others, lack of democracy and freedom, factionalism, and extremism.
Why was ijtihad closed?
rtory of Islamic Law also seems certain as to the closure of the gate of ijtihad. Coulson writes that ijma, or consensus, was infallible, once formed. 44 As ijma became increasingly developed, to contradict it was heresy, and therefore ijtihad was phased out.
What ijtihad means?
ijtihād, (Arabic: “effort”) in Islamic law, the independent or original interpretation of problems not precisely covered by the Qurʾān, Hadith (traditions concerning the Prophet Muhammad’s life and utterances), and ijmāʿ (scholarly consensus).