What is Sobukwe clause?
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The Sobukwe Clause empowered the Courts of South Africa to renew a prisoner’s period of confinement on an annual basis. The court invoked this clause three times until 1969. At that time we was able to return home, but lived under house arrest for several more years until his death in 1977.
Who was Robert Sobukwe and what did he believe?
Robert Mangaliso Sobukwe (5 December 1924 – 27 February 1978) was a prominent South African political dissident and teacher, who founded the Pan Africanist Congress in opposition to the South African apartheid system.
What did the PAC believed on?
The PAC initially advocated for a form of “Africanist Socialist Democracy”, based on African and Black Identity, with the aim of creating a South Africa (which they would rename Azania) for Black South Africans, to the exclusion of other nationalities or ethnicities.
Why did sobukwe leave the ANC?
After graduation from Fort Hare, Sobukwe took a teaching position, from which he was fired in 1952 for participating in the ANC’s Defiance Campaign, a mass refusal to obey apartheid laws.
What did Albert Luthuli do for South Africa?
He was awarded the 1960 Nobel Peace Prize for his role in the non-violent struggle against apartheid. He was the first person of African heritage to be awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.
What does the Freedom Charter say?
Freedom of movement shall be guaranteed to all who work on the land; All shall have the right to occupy land wherever they choose; People shall not be robbed of their cattle, and forced labour and farm prisons shall be abolished.
How did the PAC resist apartheid?
First on the PAC’s agenda was a series of nationwide demonstrations against the pass laws. The PAC called for blacks to demonstrate against pass books on 21 March 1960. One of the mass demonstrations organised by the PAC took place at Sharpeville, a township near Vereeniging.
Who was the first president of ANC?
Following his release, Mandela was elected President of the ANC at its 48th National Conference in 1991. Pursuant to the 1994 elections, which marked the end of apartheid, the ANC became the majority party in the national government and most of the provincial governments, and Mandela was elected national President.