What is the pathophysiology of pulmonary stenosis?
Table of Contents
In severe pulmonary stenosis, the heart’s right ventricle must pump harder to force blood into the pulmonary artery. The strain on the heart causes the muscular wall of the ventricle to thicken (right ventricular hypertrophy). Heart failure. If the right ventricle can’t pump properly, heart failure eventually develops.
What is Post stenosis?
Post-stenotic aortic dilatation is defined as dilatation of the vessel wall distal to the area of a partial stenosis. It refers to dilatation of the ascending aorta, >4.0 cm, distal to a stenotic/malformed aortic valve (AV).
What happens in pulmonary valve stenosis?
In pulmonary stenosis (pul-muh-NAIR-ee stuh-NO-sis), the pulmonary valve is too small, too narrow, and can’t open all the way. This causes the right ventricle to pump harder to send blood out to the lungs. Over time, this can cause thickening of the right ventricle and strain the heart.
Why does pulmonary artery dilate in pulmonary stenosis?
[4] Because of the very low resistance and high compliance of the main pulmonary artery, the “jet” of blood created by pulmonic stenosis can lead to remarkable dilatation of the proximal pulmonary artery (compared with the proximal aorta in patients with aortic stenosis).
What is the murmur of pulmonary stenosis?
The heart murmur of pulmonary stenosis is a turbulent noise caused by ejection of blood through the obstructed valve. There is often an associated click sound when the thickened valve snaps to its open position.
Why is there post stenotic dilatation?
The aetiology of post-stenotic aortic dilatation remains controversial. It may be due to haemodynamic factors caused by a stenotic valve, involving high velocity and turbulent flow downstream of the stenosis, or due to intrinsic pathology of the aortic wall.
What is mild post stenotic dilation?
Partial narrowing of arteries produces poststenotic dilatation. This appears as a dilation of the vessel wall 1 to 3 centimeters distal to the area of a partial stenosis. When a stenotic band is placed in dogs, poststenotic dilatation develops rapidly, often within eight to ten days.
What is the treatment for pulmonary stenosis?
Treatment options for pulmonary stenosis include open-heart surgery or balloon angioplasty. The primary indication for treatment is the degree of narrowing and treatment is timed to prevent damage to the right heart.
Which balloon is used for valvuloplasty?
Balloon valvulotomy has several types, depending upon which heart valve is involved for example: Percutaneous balloon tricuspid valvuloplasty. Percutaneous balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty. Percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty.