What is MPL adjuvant?
Monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL®) is the first non-alum vaccine adjuvant to achieve widespread clinical and market acceptance, a remarkable achievement given that it is manufactured from a Salmonella enterica endotoxin.
What is CpG adjuvant?
When used as vaccine adjuvants, CpG ODNs improve the function of professional antigen-presenting cells and boost the generation of humoral and cellular vaccine-specific immune responses. These effects are optimized by maintaining ODNs and vaccine in close proximity.
What is Monophosphoryl lipid a?
A modified form of lipid A, the biologically active part of Gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) endotoxin, and a Toll-like receptor 4 (TL= R4) agonist, with potential immunostimulatory activity.
What is AS03 adjuvant?
Abstract. AS03 is an Adjuvant System composed of α-tocopherol, squalene and polysorbate 80 in an oil-in-water emulsion. In various nonclinical and clinical studies, high levels of antigen-specific antibodies were obtained after administration of an AS03-adjuvanted vaccine, permitting antigen-sparing strategies.
What is the role of adjuvants in vaccination?
An adjuvant is an ingredient used in some vaccines that helps create a stronger immune response in people receiving the vaccine. In other words, adjuvants help vaccines work better.
Why are Lipopolysaccharides toxic?
The real, physical border that separates the inside of a bacterial cell from the outside world is its membrane, a double lipid layer interspersed with proteins, to which LPS is connected via lipid A, a phosphorylated lipid. The toxicity of LPS is mainly due to this lipid A, while the polysaccharides are less toxic.
What vaccines use MF59?
In addition to seasonal influenza vaccine, MF59-adjuvanted H1N1 pandemic influenza vaccine (Focetria® and Celtura®) has been distributed to populations including pregnant women and young children with approximately 100 million doses.
How is MF59 made?
MF59 is an oil-in-water emulsion composed of squalene and two surfactants, Tween 80 and Span 85. Squalene is a naturally occurring oil synthesized in the human liver and is a direct precursor to cholesterol (23).
What is the GSK adjuvant?
What is an adjuvant? An adjuvant is added to some vaccines to enhance the immune response, thereby creating a stronger and longer lasting immunity against infections than the vaccine alone.